If a customer regularly buys (or sells) on the up-tick (or down-tick) in the face of consistent selling (or buying) pressure, the Trading Member or Trading Representative should query whether the customer is a bona fide purchaser (or seller). Repetitive orders to clear the best offer (or bid) volume, particularly within a short time, suggest that the Trading Member or Trading Representative might be attempting to break the market. The trading spikes or troughs were meant to excite the market and attract spectators to join in.

Added on 3 June 20193 June 2019.